Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension – from Diagnosis to Intervention

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension – from Diagnosis to Interventio

Decreases in Brain Reward Function Reflect Nicotine- and Methamphetamine-Withdrawal Aversion in Rats

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether brain reward function decreases during withdrawal from nicotine and methamphetamine, and whether decreased reward function is related to aversion during withdrawal from these drugs. For that purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically infused subcutaneously with 9 mg/kg per day nicotine, or with 6 mg/kg per day methamphetamine using osmotic minipumps. In an intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) paradigm, chronic infusion of nicotine and methamphetamine decreased the thresholds for lateral hypothalamic ICSS, whereas their antagonists, mecamylamine and haloperidol increased the ICSS thresholds in the rats treated with nicotine and methamphetamine, respectively. In a conditioned place aversion paradigm, mecamylamine and haloperidol produced place aversion in nicotine- and methamphetamine-infused rats, respectively. Interestingly, elevations in ICSS reward thresholds and place aversion during mecamylamine-precipitated nicotine withdrawal were almost the same in magnitude as those observed during haloperidol-precipitated methamphetamine withdrawal. The present study indicates that 1) brain reward function decreased during nicotine and methamphetamine withdrawal, and 2) a decrease in reward function may reflect the negative affective state (aversion) during withdrawal from nicotine and methamphetamine

腓骨皮弁による下顎骨再建術術後のインプラント周囲軟組織における治療方法の検討

In maxillofacial reconstruction implant treatment, unsatisfactory soft tissue treatment of the area around the implant may lead to inflammation. As a result, appropriate soft tissue treatment is critical. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies that compare the different tissue treatment methods available. Hence, in this study, we compare three soft tissue treatment methods around implants after mandibular reconstruction is achieved with a fibula-free flap. Out of 33 patients who underwent mandible reconstruction using fibula-free flaps between 2006 and 2015, 5 were selected for this study. A total of 17 implants were used for treatment by the final prosthetics of the five patients. Three soft tissue treatment methods with free gingival graft (FGG) were evaluated, namely, installing a splint in a modified abutment to protect the wounded area during a palatal mucosa transplant (method 1), installing a splint or dentures to a locator abutment (method 2), and the use of screw-in fixed dentures (method 3). The method that could guarantee the widest keratinized mucosa was the screw-in fixed denture method. The results of our study indicated that employing screw-in fixed dentures for FGG may be a useful soft tissue treatment for mandible reconstruction implants.博士（医学）・乙第1491号・令和2年12月24日Copyright © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

高校調査書の信頼性についての一資料

In order for high school reports to be used reliably as one of the criteria for screening, it is required that the information in the reports are identical with the records kept at high schools. The writer studied and compared the identity and differences in such reports for 291 applicants who had applied ICU more than twice in 1962, \u2763, and \u2764 examinations. Surprisingly, the large number of 70 reports (24.2%) were revealed to have differences in grades in reports submitted at different times. This means that they were falsely reported. From examining other facts, it could also be supposed that some reports without any difference in their grades were possibly not identical with the original records at school. Reports from private schools revealed more false statements than those from public or national high schools. It is said that high school records have higher predictability of college grades than the total score of the entrance examination. When high school grades are used as one of the important data for screening, however, the differences among high schools should be taken into consideration as Okabe\u27s proposal for manipulation of reports from different high schools. In addition to false reports on grades, it was also found in a few reborts that the number of absences, overall evaluation of grades, the number of students at each grade level, and the like were falsely reported. There was a tendency for the grades in reports submitted while students were still attending the last year at high school, to be better reported than in those written after their graduation. The same was true with the overall evaluation of grades. It can be hypothesized that teachers tend to give better marks for the last year (which are expected grades) when they write reports. Records of activities were in almost all cases written in abstract and stereotyped words and could hardly be expected to provide any important information about the applicant. There is a column in the report for personality evalutaion, in which the applicant is to be evaluated on four items.; emotional stability, sociability, and citizenship, according to five-point scale (a-e). Most students were evaluated on most items either "a" or "b". Seventy per cent of the appilcants were evaluated differently in different reports, a large number of whom were evaluated even two points higher or lower. These show that this column for personality evaluation cannot possibly be used in screening. As thus revealed, there were a large numbre of false reports and meaningless evaluation which reduce the value of the high school reports in screening applicants. However, in the sense that high school grades still better predict college grades than points at entrance examination, it is wise to utilize the report and not discard it completely. In order to do so, the university should of course study better methods for utilizing it. More than. that, it is strongly hoped that the high schools which have reduced the value of their own reports should take this fact seriously and correct their attitude in reporting about their students